Consider the circumstances surrounding the shelter each of you! What are the potential mineral resources in Indonesia? Are there any mining activities conducted by residents around where you live? Mining activities are generally conducted by them? Indonesia is one country in the world that is rich in minerals. Various materials are available to meet the needs of mining in the country and abroad. Mining activity has generated a lot of foreign exchange for Indonesia. How big is the potential of mining in Indonesia? Where are the type and location of mining in Indonesia? To answer this question, consider the following map.
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Distribution Map dai results mines in Indonesia
(click to enlarge map) |
a. Oil and Gas
Oil and gas is the primary energy source that is currently widely used for industrial purposes, transportation, and households.
Currently it has developed alternative energy sources such as bioenergy
from several types of plants and other sources of energy, such as solar
energy, wind, and waves. However, the production of energy from alternative energy sources are still limited in number.
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| Scheme overview petroleum drilling process |
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| Mine oil contained in Ceram |
Indonesia's oil reserves continues to decrease with the extraction or exploitation continues.
Some experts predict that within 14 years, the oil reserves will be
exhausted and Indonesia are forced to buy or import from other
countries. It will not happen if found new reserves are still large. Indonesia's oil reserves expected to remain fairly large. As for the distribution of oil on a number of islands in Indonesia can be seen in the following table.
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| Tabrl Petroleum Producing Regions in Indonesia |
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The first oil production in Indonesia is in Majalengka, West Java. Drilling was conducted by the Dutch named J. Reerink in 1871. Drilling was conducted with the help of oxen and produce 6,000 liters of petroleum.
b. Coal
Coal is a sedimentary rock formed from the remains of plants that have died and settles for millions of years ago. The elements of which it is composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Coal is used as an energy source for a variety of purposes. The energy produced by coal
can be used for power generation, for domestic use (cooking), burning
at industrial brick or tile, cement, limestone, iron ore and steel,
chemical industry, and others.
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| Activities in coal mines |
Indonesia's coal reserves of only 0.5% of the world's coal reserves.
However, judging from the production, Indonesia's coal reserves is the
6th largest in the world with a total production reached 246 million
tons. Coal can be found on many islands, namely Borneo and Sumatra. Coal potential in the two islands are very large.
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Where is the first coal mining in Indonesia? Sebelimbingan New Town area on the island Luat was the first regional coal mining in Indonesia before in Ombilin, Sumatra. Currently, Indonesia is one of the largest coal exporter in the world.
Coal mining in Kalimantan located in East Kalimantan (Berau River Basin
and the Samarinda), West Sumatra (Ombilin and Sawahlunto), South
Sumatra (Bukit Asam and Tanjung Enim).
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Regional distribution of coal mining in
Indonesia |
c. Bauxite
Bauxite is the main source of ore to produce aluminum. Useful bauxite for industrial metals, chemical, and matulergi. Indonesia has the potential for a sizeable bauxite production reached 1.26271 million tons. The majority of mining bauxite used for domestic industries and partly exported. Bauxite is mined in Riau (Bintan) and West Kalimantan (Singkawang).
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| Regional distribution of bauxite mining |
d. Iron sand
Iron sand used for ferrous metal industry and the cement industry.
Iron sand mining activities can be found in Cilacap (Central Java),
Sumatra, Lombok, Yogyakarta, Mount Upright (Lampung), Mountains Verbeek
(South Sulawesi), and sebuku (South Kalimantan).
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| Potential and distribution of iron ore in Indonesia |
e. Gold
Gold is generally used for jewelry. Based on data from the EMR tekMIRA, Indonesian gold production in 2003 reached 141 019 tonnes.
Gold among others mined in West Java (Cikotok and Pongkor), Papua
(Freeport, Timika), West Kalimantan (Sambas), Aceh (Meulaboh), North
Sulawesi (Bolaang Mongondow, Minahasa), Riau (Logos), and Bengkulu
(Rejang Lebong).
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| Potential and distribution of gold in Indonesia |
f. Lead
Tin is used as raw material for metal coatings, solder, souvenirs, and others. Tin mining activities contained in Sungai Liat (Bangka), Manggara (Belitung Island), and Dabo (Singkep) and Karimun Island.
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The distribution of potential lead-in
Indonesia |
g. Copper
Copper widely used in the electrical equipment industry, the
construction industry, aircraft, ships, roof, plumbing, home decor,
agricultural machinery, regulating the temperature of the room, and
others. Contained copper mining activities in Papua by PT. Freeport.
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| The distribution of the potential of copper in Indonesia |
h. Nickel
Nickel is a metal alloy material that is widely used in the metal industry. Nickel is mined in the area Sorowako, Southeast Sulawesi. Other areas which have the potential of nickel is Papua and Maluku.
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| The distribution of nickel potential in Indonesia |
i. Asphalt
Asphalt is used as the main material for making roads. Asphalt is mined on the island of Buton, Southeast Sulawesi.
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| The distribution of potential asphalt in Indonesia |
j. Mangan
Manganese is widely used for the manufacture of steel, the manufacture of dry batteries, ceramics, glass, and so on. Manganese is mined in the area of Tasikmalaya (West Java), Kiripan (Yogyakarta), and Martapura (South Kalimantan).
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| The distribution of the potential of manganese in Indonesia |
k. Sulfur
Sulfur is found in Mount Welirang, and Patuha East Java, West Java.
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| Potential distribution of sulfur in Indonesia |
l. Marble
Marble formed by metamorphic limestone or limestone. Temperature and pressure of work on the limestone due to endogenous energy or energy from the earth. Marble is widely used for sculpture, sculpture, table, wall, floor of the house, and others. Marble mined in Tulungagung (East Java), Lampung and Makassar.
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| Marble potential distribution in Indonesia |
m.Yodium
Iodine is used as the main raw material for the drug solution in
alcohol, health, herbicides, disinfectants industry, and is used in salt
to make it healthier. Iodine mined in Semarang (Central Java) and Mojokerto (East Java).
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| The distribution of potential iodine in Indonesia |
Other online learning article: Natural Indonesia known to be very beautiful and rich in natural resources Natural resources are not evenly distributed and limited in number. In fulfillment of the need for natural resources, humans are faced with limitations or scarcity.
Scarcity describe human needs are increasingly faced with meeting the
needs of the tool in the form of goods and services are limited. This problem occurs because of limited natural resources in an area.
Efforts should be made to overcome the scarcity of natural resources
available in the region is to bring in goods or services from other
areas. Another attempt to overcome the scarcity is to utilize the available resources effectively and efficiently.
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