TYPES OF LAND IN INDONESIAN

 

TYPES OF LAND IN INDONESIA

 

1. Volcanic Soil

a. Land Andosol

• The process of formation: from volcanic ash which has experienced weathering process
• Characteristics: gray to yellow, sensitive to erosion, and very fertile
• Utilization: as agricultural land, plantations, forests of pine or fir
• Distribution: Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Halmahera, West Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi

andosol

b. Land Regosol

• The process of formation: from a new volcanic ash deposition has coarse grains
• Characteristics: coarse grained, gray to yellow and low organic matter content
• Utilization: for farming rice, sugarcane and coconut
• Distribution: on the slopes of volcanoes, beaches and coastal dunes which includes the islands of Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara

c. Alluvial soil (soil Deposition)

• The process of formation: the land of erosion (silt and fine sand) in low-lying areas
• Characteristics: gray and sensitive to erosion
• Utilization: as agricultural land and crops rice
• Distribution: Sumatra, Java northern Halmahera, West Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua, the southern

2. Land Organosol

a. Humus soil

• The process of formation: from the decomposition of organic materials
• Characteristics: blackish color, easily wet, organic matter, very fertile
• Utilization: as agricultural land
• Distribution: Lampung, South-Central Java, South Kalimantan and Sulawesi Tenggara

Organosol

b. Peat

• The process of formation: from the decomposition of plant / organic material in an area that is always waterlogged (swamps)
• Characteristics: is highly acidic, low nutrient so infertile
• Utilization: for agriculture tides
• Distribution: The east coast of Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Halmahera, Seram, Papua, South Coast

Peat

3. Land Litosol (rocky ground)

• The process of formation: from the weathering of igneous and sedimentary young (not perfect) so that large grains / rough
• Characteristics: diverse soil texture and generally sandy, not textured, color content of rocks, gravel and fertility varies
• Utilization: still reed can be used for forest
• Distribution: Central Java, East Java, Madura, East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Sulawesi and Sumatra

4. Land Podzol

• The process of formation: in an area with low temperatures and high rainfall
• Characteristics: pale color, high content of quartz sand, very sour, sensitive to erosion, less fertile
• Utilization: for agricultural crops
• Distribution: Central Kalimantan, North Sumatra, Papua

Podsol

5. laterit

• The process of formation: Soils leached rainwater, so that nutrients have been lost seep and flow into the ground
• Characteristics: reddish brown color, infertile
• Utilization: for agricultural land
• Distribution: West Kalimantan, Lampung, Banten, Southeast Sulawesi

6. Land Mergel

• The process of formation: from the dissolution mixture of lime, sand and clay due to rain events
• Characteristics: infertile
• Utilization: for rain teak
• Distribution: Yogyakarta, South Priangan in West Java, mountains Kendeng in Central Java, Kediri, Madiun, East Nusa Tenggara

7. Land Terarosa (Kapur)

a. Land Renzina

• The process of formation: from weathering limestone in areas with high rainfall
• Characteristics: white to black, nutrient-poor
• Utilization: for crops, forest teak
• Distribution: Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta

Terarosa

b. Mediterranean soil

• The process of formation: the result of hard limestone rock weathering and sediment
• Characteristics: White color brown, hard, infertile
• Utilization: agricultural fields, forests of teak
• Distribution: Mountains of East Java, Nusa Tenggara, Central Java, Sulawesi, Maluku, Sumatra

The characteristics of the soil in Indonesia:

• Contains a lot of nutrients
• Good soil structure, meaning that the composition of soil grains are not too dense and not too lenggang
• Useful contain enough water to dissolve nutrients
• Having salts in large quantities

Efforts to conserve soil resources:

• Fertilization cultivated with green manure / manure / compost
• Forests are made up on the slopes of the mountain
• Creating terassering / swale in sloping areas
• Afforestation and reforestation of denuded areas, and so on.

Reforestation

 

source