Who ' actor ' behind the burning of forests and land in indonesia ?

Who ' actor ' behind the burning of forests and land ?

There are about 20 actors involved in the field and gain economic benefits from forest and land fires. Most of the tissue of interest and benefit from economic actors is difficult for law enforcement action.

Government action imprison or prosecute individuals and companies suspected of burning the land would not be enough to prevent haze recurring.
Fact and conclusions expressed in the research on 'The Political Economy of Land and Forest Fire' of researcher Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) Herry Purnomo.
complexity in the field, according to Herrera, occur because the perpetrators forest burners, both the community and the middle classes and the company is always in touch with powerful people, both at the district, national, and even up to the level of ASEAN.

Herry Purnomo study found that the price of land has been cleared by burning it will rise as ready for planting oil palm.

"It is not easy for the governors who will demand (forest burning), it could be that puHer (garden) oil palm, forest burning, associated with a particular party is strong in the area, so the regent or governor is not easy too (acting), must see the political constellation, "said Herrera on BBC Indonesia, Wednesday (23/9). Actor -aktor, based on his research, work as a form of "organized crime". There are groups that carry out different tasks, such as land claims, organize farmers who do slashing or cutting or burning, until the marketing team and involving village officials. But not only at the central level, the landlord could be relatives of the villagers, the company's staff, employees in the district, a businessman, or a medium-scale investors from Jakarta, Bogor, or Surabaya.

Organized

Each group conducting land clearing activities will receive a percentage of income alone, but on average, the board of farmer groups received the largest portion of revenue, between 51% -57%, while groups of farmers slashing, cutting, and burning gets the portion of income between 2 % -14%.
In his research, Herry found that the price of land has been cleared by the clearing of fields offered at a price of Rp 8.6 million per hectare.
However, land in 'ready for planting' or been burned instead will increase its price, namely Rp11, 2 million per hectare.
Then three years later, after the land has been planted ready for harvest, growers are already so it can be sold at a price of Rp40 million per hectare.

 

Landowners burning could be of major cities or relatives of the villagers, district employees, to researchers.

The increase in the economic value of the land is what makes actors who sought to benefit from land and forest fires occur constantly.
Moreover, the patterns of buying and selling land, land preparation is the responsibility of the buyer, if it will be burned or cleaned mechanically. The cheaper the cost of cleaning, lucky buyers will be even greater.
As a comparison, according to Herrera, per hectare burnt costs $ 10-20, while the land is cleaned mechanically requires $ 200 per hectare.
Research Herry conducted at 11 sites in four districts in Riau , namely Rokan Hulu, Rokan Hilir, Dumai and Bengkalis using mapping, surveying, and policy approaches.
In Riau, there are 60 oil palm plantations and industrial tree plantations 26.

Political patrons

Companies or individuals in the area that became the owner of oil palm plantations in the area could find patrons politics at the local level.
Herrera pointed out, "Suppose there are companies small scale that has patrons political party is very strong in the district that affect the processes decision-making and enforcement in the area. It may be that they are strong supporters of the incumbent. "

The cheaper the cost of cleaning, then the profit land buyers will be even greater.

Players at the intermediate level or 'barons', Herrera discovered, could be anyone.
"From unscrupulous government officials, police, soldiers, researchers, could be involved, may have oil to hundreds of hectares and in the process of developing its oil can (do) burning to welcome the season The next rain, "he said.
The actors here are unreadable or caught in a pattern of law enforcement is happening now to deal with smog.
To find it, it is important to trace where products of palm oil from plantations is channeled.

Fuel land

Against these findings, spokesman for the Association of Indonesian Palm Oil Association (GAPKI), Tofan Mahdi, said there are 2,500 oil palm companies small and middle class, and in total there are only 635 companies that are members GAPKI.

 

Haze in Riau salready lasted for 18 years.

"That so our members I am sure no (burning of land), because we control up and down. Outside members GAPKI, we do not have the instruments or interests, but we encourage, support what was presented by the governor of South Kalimantan for example, so that they (oil companies Small and medium oil) to be a member GAPKI order to control more easily, "he said.
However, Tofan admit that they have not had a rigorous method in monitoring to bottom. "But GAPKI have standards, have requirements,
comply with the rules in accordance with the regulations at the central, local and regional," he said. In addition, the Riau Police has established PT Inti Langgam Hybrids are also members as suspects GAPKI forest fires.

Law enforcement efforts that have so far not been touched political patrons who protect the company or the owner of land burned.

Edi Saputra, farmers in Ogan Ogan Ilir, South Sumatra said that the practice of burning the land is already underway in the community for hundreds of years.
But the practice is not carried out every year, usually only 5-10 years to coincide with the planting season.
"We have hundreds the burn, but why do we fuss now about the smoke, it means, why it appears to fire a powerful? Because all the concessions it granted to the corporation, so the land is so flammable. Land corporations that's dehydrated, can not grow rice. Now compared to the first , far indeed, if scratched, there are spots of fire, direct burning the land, "he said.