(1-20) Animals Typical entire province in Indonesia

33 TYPICAL ANIMALS AROUND THE PROVINCE IN INDONESIA

 

 

1.     CEUMPALA KUNENG (Trichixos pyrropygus) TYPICAL ACEH

Ceumpala Kuneng or kucica yellow tail is a species of bird in the family of Old World flycatcher. This bird can be found in Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand. Its natural habitat is in moist lowland forests and marshes in subtropical or tropical regions. This is a local bird fauna Aceh known as mobile kunèng in the Acehnese language. The current status of this bird near threatened. These birds are scattered on the peninsula of Thailand, Peninsular Malaya, Brunei and Indonesia. In Indonesia, this bird is only found in Sumatra and Kalimantan. These birds are medium-sized (21 cm), long-tailed black and orange. Male resembles kucica forest but rust-red tail is much shorter, more dark gray than black, short eyebrows white and red tunggir rust. The females are brown and have white eyebrows. More juvenile birds brown mottled red yellow rust. Iris brown; black beak; black feet. kicauannya not semerdu kucica forest. Long series consists of a melodious whistle, single and dual tones, "pi-uuu", increases and decreases alternately are not fixed. Birds that are not commonly found in the lush forests of primary and secondary lowlands to an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. Prefers moist lush forests including swamp forests.

 

 

2.     BEO NIAS (Gracula religiosa robusta) TYPICAL NORTH SUMATRA

Nias parrot is one subspecies (subspecies) parrot found only (endemic) on the island of Nias, North Sumatra. Nias parrots that have a large size compared to most other parrot subspecies of the most popular and much in demand by fans because of their versatility in a parrot mimicking wide variety of sounds, including human speech. Beo Nias established as fauna identity of the province of North Sumatra. Parrot subspecies that have a Latin name Gracula religiosa robusta is often referred to as Ciong or Tiong. In English, endemic bird is commonly called Common Hill Myna. Characteristics and Behavior Beo Nias. Beo nias (Gracula religiosa robusta) including birds of medium size with a body length of about 40 cm. The size parrots nias greater than on the type of parrot others. Part parrot head nias short haired. Throughout the ear lobe parrots nias clasped behind the head that looks sagging toward the neck. Wattle yellow ear lobe is striking. At the head of the parrot nias there is also a pair of wattle yellow and on the side of the head. Endemic bird eye's iris dark brown. Pointy beak is yellow rather orange. Almost the entire body covered nias parrot feathers are colored black, except for the white feathered wings. Nias endemic bird's legs are yellow with fingers numbering four. Three fingers of them facing forward, while the rest facing backwards. Habitat and Distribution. Parrot nias (Gracula religiosa robusta) is a species endemic to North Sumatra that can only be found on the island of Nias and surrounding areas such as Pig Island, Island Tuangku, Island Simo and Bangkaru Island.

 

 

3.     Great Argus ( argus Argusianus ) SPECIAL WEST SUMATRA

Kuau King or scientific name Argusianus argus is one of the birds present in the tribal Phasianidae. Kuau King has reddish-brown fur and blue scalp. Adult male birds are very large, to a length of 200 cm. There is a crest on its head and mane colored black. Adult male birds also have wings and tail feathers are very long, decorated with large spots resembling insect eyes or oceli. Females are smaller than males, about 75 cm in length, with a brown head crest. Female tail feathers and wings are not all male birds, and simply decorated with little oceli. The population of Kuau King spread in Southeast Asia. This species is found in tropical forests of Sumatra, Borneo and the Malay Peninsula. In the breeding season, the male bird wings and tail feathers to show off in front of a female bird. The feathers of its wings opened to form a fan, flashing "hundreds of eyes" in front of her partner. Binomial name of the species is given by Carolus Linnaeus, based on one hundred eyed giant named Argus in Greek mythology. Only two female birds incubate the eggs alone.

 

 

4.     Serindit ( blue-crowned hanging parrot ) SPECIAL RIAU

Serindit Malay or scientific name blue-crowned hanging parrot is a bird in the bird genus serindit Loriculus . These birds are small, with a length of 12 cm. Its fur is dominated by the color green with a red tail feathers. Males and females are similar. Serindit male bird has the head of a blue spots and red spots throat. Females are duller in color than the male. The population Serindit news spread in lowland forests, from sea level to an altitude of 1,300 m in the countries of Brunei , Indonesia , Malaysia , Singapore and Thailand . blue-crowned hanging parrot living in groups. This bird has a habit of climbing and walking off from the airport. At rest, the birds hang serindit body down. Feed consists of green vegetables, fruits, grains and small insects. Females usually lay three to four eggs are incubated for about 18 to 20 days.

 

 

5.     FISH SNAPPER (Lutjanus sanguineus) TYPICAL RIAU ISLANDS

Snapper is a benthic marine fish that live in groups in the fundamentals of coral or coral reef. Have the feature round flat body with an elongated fin along the back. Type snapper are mostly found in Indonesia is a type of red snapper (L. campechanus) some other species that are also commonly found is Snapper yellow, Snapper black and red snapper. These fish are generally prey on small fish, shrimp. When we fished, usually passes were used. Though sometimes also with a jig bait, like hooked. Elongated flat round body shape with fins on the back. Under the stomach also contained fin. At the close anal fins are also analnya. As ruler of coral, snapper comes with teeth to rip its prey. When there is any food that float directly disergapnya. The fish are the biggest in the region is always at the forefront to hunt food.

6.     Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) TYPICAL JAMBI

Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is a tiger subspecies native habitat on the island of Sumatra, is one of six subspecies of tigers are still alive today and are included in the classification of species critically endangered (critically endangered) in the red list of endangered species released The World Conservation Society IUCN. Wild population is estimated at between 400-500, especially living in national parks in Sumatra. Recent genetic test has revealed genetic markers unique, indicating that this subspecies may evolve into separate species, if managed sustainably. The Sumatran tiger is a subspecies of tiger smallest. Sumatran tiger has the darkest color among all other tiger subspecies, the black pattern width and the distance is sometimes attached tightly. Sumatran tiger males have an average length of 92 inches from head to tail, or about 250 cm long from head to toe with a weight of 300 pounds, or about 140 kg, while the height of an adult male can reach 60 cm. Females have an average length of 78 inches or about 198 cm and weighing 200 pounds or about 91 kg. Sumatran tiger striped thinner than other tiger subspecies. Sumatran tiger skin color is the darkest of all tigers, ranging from reddish yellow to dark orange. This subspecies also had more beard and mane than other subspecies, especially the male tiger. Its small size makes it easier to explore the jungle. There is a membrane in between her fingers that make them able to swim fast. These tigers are known to corner his prey into the water, especially when the game is slow swim. Its fur changes color to dark green when giving birth. The Sumatran tiger is found only on the island of Sumatra. The big cats are able to live anywhere, from lowland forests to mountain forest, and stayed in many places unprotected. Only about 400 individuals living in nature reserves and national parks, and the rest scattered in other areas were cleared for agriculture, there are also approximately another 250 tigers kept in zoos around the world. Sumatran tigers under threat of habitat loss due to distribution area such as blocks of lowland forests, peatlands and threatened mountain rain forest clearing for agricultural land and commercial plantations, as well as encroachment by logging and road construction. Because habitats are increasingly narrower and less, the tiger was forced to enter the territory closer to humans, and often they are killed and arrested because strayed into rural areas or as a result of the accidental encounter with humans.

 

 

7.     FISH belida (Chitala lopis) TYPICAL SOUTH SUMATRA

Fish or fish lopis Belida is a type of fish that belongs to the tribe Notopteridae (backed fish knife). This fish is more popularly known as fish belida / Belido , taken from the name of one of the river in South Sumatra , the habitat. The Banjar call for flat fish . This species can be found in Sumatra , Borneo , Java , and the Malay Peninsula , though now it is difficult to catch due to damage to the quality of the river and fishing. These fish are the raw materials for a type of cracker typical of Palembang known as kemplang . First lopis also used to manufacture pempek but is now replaced with mackerel . Their unique styling also makes it maintained in an aquarium as ornamental fish. Due to the economic potential and endangered species, research institutions have tried to make their production technologies. Until 2005, the Institute for Freshwater Aquaculture Mandiangin, in South Kalimantan have been trying to cultivate, menangkarkan and multiply seeds belida fish. Fish belida It is not 'owned' by the people of Palembang, because its spread is quite wide, from India, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei, and Kalimantan. In English, these fish are called " clown knife fish '. Given the attributes of ' clown 'because there are patterns in fish body outright resemble a clown costume, and so-called' knife fish 'because of its long thin body like a knife. In Surabaya, which is very rare fish called ' fish knife / knife fish '. In India, this fish is called ' chitala chitala 'Amazing .According to legend, this fish is called' belida ', because he belongs to a clever cross sword fish.

 

 

8.     MENTILIN (Tarsius bancanus) TYPICAL BANGKA BELITUNG

Tarsier bancanus or Mentilin is one species of tarsiers, primates endemic to Sumatra and Kalimantan, Indonesia is defined as Fauna identity of the province of Bangka Belitung. Tarsier bancanus in English often referred to as Horsfield's Tarsier or Western Tarsier, tarsier bancanus or Horsfield's Tarsier has characteristics and the behavior of such types of other tarsiers. The body length of about 12-15 cm with a body weight of approximately 128 grams (males) and 117 grams (females). Tarsier bancanus body hair reddish brown to gray-brown. Tarsier bancanus spread in Indonesia (Borneo, Sumatra, and the neighboring islands such as Bangka, Belitung, and Karimata), Malaysia (Sabah and Sarawak) and Brunei Darussalam.

There are four (4) subspecies Tarsier bancanus, namely:

·          Tarsier bancanus bancanus

·          Tarsier bancanus borneanus

·          Tarsius bancanus natunensis

·          Tarsius bancanus saltator

 

 

9.     BEAR HONEY (Helarctos malayanus) TYPICAL BENGKULU

Sunbears including family Ursidae and is the smallest species of the eight types of bears in the world. This bear is a fauna typical of the province of Bengkulu once used as a symbol of the province. The sun bear is also the mascot of the city of Aberdeen. Honey bear in Balikpapan conserved in a protected forest named Sungai Wain Protection Forest. Body length of 1.40 m, height 70 cm with a weight back around 50-65 kg. Fur bears tend to be short, shiny and generally black, her eyes are brown or blue, in addition to the nose is relatively wide but not too snout. Type fur bear honey is the most short and finer than bear the other, colored black-dark or dark brown, below the neck feathers are unique mark colored orange is believed to depict the sun rises. Unlike the adult bears, baby newborn bears have fur softer, thinner and shine. Because life in the trees, the soles of the feet bear is not hairy so he can move at speeds up to 48 kilometers per hour and has a power that is very strong. Sun bears live in the primary forest, secondary forest and often also on farms, they are usually located in a tree at a height of 2-7 meters from the ground, and likes to break the branches of a tree or make it curved to create a nest. Habitat bears honey contained in the rainy tropical Southeast Asia. Spread located on the island of Borneo, Sumatra, Indochina, China Southern, Burma and Malaya Peninsula. Therefore, this type does not require a period of hibernation like the other bears who live in the four seasons. Sun bears in the past known to spread in almost all the continents of Asia, but is now becoming increasingly rare due to habitat loss and fragmentation.

 

 

10.                        ELEPHANT SUMATRA (Elephas maximus sumatranus) TYPICAL LAMPUNG

The Sumatran elephant is a subspecies of the Asian elephant which only berhabitat on the island of Sumatra. The Sumatran elephant subspecies berpostur smaller than the Indian elephant. Its population is declining and becoming highly threatened species. Around 2000-2700 Sumatran elephants remaining in the wild based on a survey in 2000. A total of 65% of the Sumatran elephant population was decimated by the killed man and a 30% chance of being poisoned humans. Approximately 83% of habitats of Sumatran elephants has been a plantation areas due to the aggressive encroachment of plantations. Sumatran elephants are mammals, the largest in Indonesia, weighing up to 6 tons and grows to a height of 3.5 m at the shoulder. The gestation period for a baby elephant is 22 months with an average age up to 70 years. Herbivores these giants are very intelligent and have a brain larger than the other terrestrial mammals. The ears are large enough to help the elephant to hear well and helps to reduce body heat like a cold hot blood as it flows beneath the surface of the ear. Used her trunk to get food and water, and has an additional prehensile (grasping) at its end which is used as a finger to scoop.

 

 

11.                        Javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus) TYPICAL BANTEN

The rhino or rhinoceros horned-one small (Rhinoceros sondaicus) is a member of the family Rhinocerotidae and one of five rhinoceros that still exist. This rhino into the same genus as the rhino india and has similar mosaicked skin which resembles armor. The rhino has a length of 3.1 to 3.2 m and height of 1.4 to 1.7 m. The rhino is smaller than the Indian rhinoceros and closer to the body with a large black rhino. Horn size is usually less than 20 cm, smaller than horn rhino species. This rhino was once one of rhinos in Asia the most widely spread. Although called "the rhino", is not limited to animals living on the island of Java alone, but in the entire archipelago, throughout Southeast Asia and in India and China. The species is now critically endangered, with only two known populations in the wild, and none in zoos. The rhino is the possibility of mammals rarest on earth. Population 40-50 rhinos live in Ujung Kulon National Park on the island of Java, Indonesia. Javan rhino population in the wild the other is in Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam with an estimated population of no more than eight in 2007. Declining population caused by hunting the rhino for its horn was taken, which is very valuable in the traditional medicine of China, at a price of $ 30,000 per kilogram on the black market. Reduced rhino population is also caused by habitat loss, which is mainly caused by the war, as the Vietnam War in Southeast Asia also led to a reduction Javan rhino population and impede recovery. Place remaining only in two protected areas, but the rhino is still at risk of being hunted, susceptible to disease and shrinking genetic diversity causes disturbed in breeding. WWF Indonesia seek to develop both for the rhino because in case of disease or natural disasters such as tsunamis, volcanic eruptions of Krakatoa and earthquakes, the rhino population would immediately become extinct. In addition, due to the invasion langkap (arenga) and competition with a bull for space and resources, the increasingly desperate population. Regions that identified a safe and relatively close is the National Park Hazy at Mount Salak, West Java, which was once the habitat of the Javan rhinoceros.

There are three subspecies, of which only two extant subspecies, while one subspecies have become extinct:

·     Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus, the type subspecies known as the Javan rhino Indonesia 'who lived in Java and Sumatra. The population is now only about 40-50 in Ujung Kulon National Park, located on the western tip of Java Island. One researcher has suggested that the Javan rhino in Sumatra fit into different subspecies, Rs floweri, but it is not widely accepted.

·     Rhinoceros sondaicus annamiticus, known as the Javan rhino Vietnam or Rhino Vietnam, who once lived throughout Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, Thailand and Malaysia. Annamiticus derived from the Annamite Mountain Range in Southeast Asia, part of a living species. The population is now estimated at less than 12, live in a lowland forest in the Cat Tien National Park, Vietnam. Genetic analysis suggests that the two extant subspecies last shared a common ancestor between 300,000 and 2 million years ago.

·          Rhinoceros sondaicus inermis, known as the Javan Rhino India, lived in Bengal to Burma (Myanmar), but it is considered extinct in the first decade of the 1900s. Inermis means without horns, because the characteristics of these rhinos is small horns in males, and not No horns in females. Specimens of this species are females who do not have horns. The political situation in Burma has prevented assessment of this species in the country, but its survival is considered unlikely.

 

 

12.                        Brahminy Kites (Haliastur indus) TYPICAL JAKARTA

Kites or the scientific name is Haliastur Indus is a species of the genus of Haliastur. Bird kites sized (45 cm), white and brown. Brahminy Kite teenage character throughout the body with brown streaks on the chest. Discolored grayish-white in the second, and attain full adult feathers in the third. Tail bundar.Iris chocolate, half and sera greenish-gray, feet and legs dingy yellow. As an adult, his character is the head, neck, chest and white. Wings, back, tail and belly light brown. Contrasting with the black primary feathers. The food is almost all animals, alive or dead. In waters, food and a crab on the mainland takes his chickens , insects and small mammals . Large nest, twigs of the tree tops. Egg white, slightly speckled red, the 2-3 point. Breed in January - August and May - July. India, China, Southeast Asia, Indonesia, Australia. In Indonesia, spreading in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, Bali, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua. While in Indonesia and India, can be found in rural areas. In itself, the kites can be found in Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan. Where the kites there is abundant.

 

 

13.                        Javan leopard (Panthera pardus) TYPICAL WEST JAVA

Javan leopard (Panthera pardus) or panther is a subspecies of the leopard which is only found in tropical forests, mountains and conservation areas of Java Island, Indonesia. He has two variations: light-colored and black (panther). Javan leopard is the identity of animals province of West Java. Compared with other leopards, leopard Java smallest size, and have a sense of vision and a keen sense of smell. This subspecies generally have feathers like the color of shiny black beetle wings with dark spots in the form of development that is only visible under bright light. Black fur Tiger Beetles are very helpful in adapting to the habitat of dense forest and dark. Similar female tiger beetles, and smaller than males. These animals are solitary, except during the breeding season. He is actively hunt their prey at night. Prey, which consists of various smaller animals are usually placed on the tree. Leopards are the only big cats that are still left on the island of Java. Frequency black type (beetle) are relatively high. The black color is caused by a recessive allele owned these animals. Most of the population of leopards can be found in the National Park of Mount Gede Pangrango, although in all national parks in Java reportedly never found these animals, ranging from Ujung Kulon to Baluran. Based on the loss of forest habitat, illegal arrests, as well as the areas and populations where these animals are found very limited, leopard Java evaluated as critical since 2007 in the IUCN Red List and listed in CITES Appendix I. These animals are protected in Indonesia, which are included in Law No. 5 of 1990 and PP No.7 of 1999.

 

 

14.                        Kepodang EMAS (Oriolus chinensis) TYPICAL CENTRAL JAVA

Kepodang gold is twittering birds (passerines) having fur beautiful and well-known as bird dandy who always look beautiful, neat and clean are included in making a nest. Kepodang is one bird species are difficult to distinguish between males and females based on the physical form. Orioles birds including birds cage because it was purchased by the public as to decorate the house, hence these birds into the commodity trade that made ​​the population is small. Orioles birds come from mainland China and its spread from India, Southeast Asia, the islands of the Philippines, including Indonesia which includes Sumatra, Java, Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Nusa Tenggara. These birds live in forests, especially in the tropical and sub-tropical regions slightly and usually live in pairs. On the island of Java and Bali birds orioles often called the golden orioles. Orioles birds are relatively moderate, ranging tail length ranges from 25 cm up to half. This bird is black and yellow with a black strip passes through the eye and nape, fur fly mostly black. Lower body whitish with black dotted, red iris, forms part tapered and slightly curved downward, a length of approximately 3 cm beak, black feet. These birds inhabit open forests, forests of mangrove, coastal forest, in such places can be recognized by their flapping wings strong, slowly, striking and menggelombang flight.

 

 

15.                        turtledove (Geopelia striata) TYPICAL IN YOGYAKARTA

Turtledove Java (Geopelia striata, familia Columbidae) is a kind of bird is small, gray that many people maintained because of the beauty of his voice. In the tradition of Indonesia, especially Java, until the situation in nature in danger. Turtledove is still closely related to the spotted dove, Dederuk Java, and pigeons. Doves of small stature. Its length ranges from 20-25 cm. Small rounded head, gray. Long tapering beak with blue-gray color. Doves eye iris round with gray bluish. His neck is rather long and covered with fine hairs. Fur around the chest and neck forming transverse stripe pattern in black and white. Perkutut body hair covering brown. In the transverse wing feathers are dark brown. Tail feathers are also brown rather long. Radius of turtledove amounted to 8 with sharp nails. So the number of fingers foot is 4. Three of the four fingers in front and a finger behind. Radius of turtledove useful for perch.

 

 

16.                        bekisar (Gallus varius) TYPICAL EAST JAVA

Bekisar or chicken green forest (in Latin = Gallus varius) is the name of a type of birds that belong to the fowl of the tribe Phasianidae, namely the family of chicken, quail, peacocks and pheasants. Partridges is believed to be the ancestors of most chickens in the archipelago. Chicken is called by various names in various places, such as canghegar or cangehgar (Sd.), Chicken pad (Jw.), AJEM allas or tarattah (Md.). Has the scientific name Gallus varius (Shaw, 1798), this chicken in English known as Green Junglefowl, Javan Junglefowl, Forktail, or Green Javanese Junglefowl, referring to the color and place of origin. Chickens are like open areas and air grasslands, edges of woods and areas with hills lower near the beach. Green chicken-known to spread limited forests in Java and the islands of Nusa Tenggara, including Bali. In West Java was recorded live up to an altitude of 1,500 m above sea level, in East Java to 3,000 m above sea level and in Lombok to 2,400 m above sea level. Morning and evening is the usual chicken searching for food in open places and grassy, ​​while in the scorching daytime shelter in the shade of the forest canopy. Chicken-Forest Green takes a variety of seeds, shoots of grass and foliage, various insects, as well as various types of small animals such as spiders, worms, frogs and lizards small. Chicken is often seen in groups, 2-7 tails or so, looking for food in the grass near a collection of ungulate large as buffalo, cow or bull. Besides hunting for insects disturbed by large animals, the chicken-known green forest glad dismantle and pawing the dirt herbivores is to find grains that have not been digested, or insects that eat the dirt. At night, the group is sleeping partridge not far apart in clumps of bamboo, shrubs, or leaves of palm forest at a height of 1.5-4 meters above the ground. Green jungle fowl breed between October-November in West Java and around March to July in East Java. Nests made ​​simply on the ground layered grass, in the shelter of bushes or tall grass. Eggs 3-4 whitish grains. Unlike the offspring chicken, chicken-fly smart green forest. This forest chicks are able to fly to avoid the dangers in a few weeks. Chickens that adults are able to fly immediately and vertically into a nearby tree branch at a height of 7 m or more. Leveled, green jungle fowl able to fly straight up to several hundred meters; even believed to be able to fly from island to island across the sea nearby. Green jungle fowl is a close relative ancestors domesticated chicken, red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus). Red jungle fowl widespread ranging from the Himalayas, China's south, South-East Asia, to Sumatra and Java. On the other hand, green junglefowl scattered in Java, Bali and Nusa Tenggara islands other. Partridges from East Java known as a gene source for generating bekisar. Bekisar is a cross between green jungle fowl with chicken. Bekisar developed people to produce a beautiful ornamental chicken feathers, and especially to get the chicken with a distinctive crowing. Because his voice, bekisar can reach a very high price. Bekisar also became a symbol of East Java regional fauna.

 

 

17.                        JALAK BALI (Leucopsar Rotschildi) TYPICAL BALI

Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) is a kind of warbler-sized, with a length of approximately 25cm, of the tribe Sturnidae. Bali Starling has special characteristics, among them have fur that is white in his entire body except the tip of the tail and wings are black. Part of the cheek that is not covered with feathers, colored blue sunny and legs are grayish. Males and females are similar. Endemic Indonesia, Bali Starling is only found in the forest west part of Bali. This bird is also the only species endemic to Bali and in 1991 was named the fauna emblem of the Province of Bali. The existence of these endemic animals reserved. Bali starling was first discovered in the year 1910. The scientific name Bali Starling named after animal experts nationality England, Walter Rothschild, as the first to describe this species to the world's knowledge in 1912. This type of active foraging among the trees and undergrowth in the forest. Mainly within ekoton namely between a wooded area and the vast grasslands, as well as in the forest along the riverbanks. Generally live in small groups or in pairs. Bali starling is a rare bird foraging above ground but, during the dry season he will go down to the ground to look for invertebrates. Because of his beautiful and elegant, Bali starlings became one of the birds most sought after by collectors and keepers of birds. Illegal arrest, loss of forest habitat, as well as the area is found to be very limited bird causing the bird population is rapidly shrinking and threatened with extinction in a short time. To prevent this to happen, most zoos around the world running the Bali starlings breeding program. The main threat facing the bird was first described in 1912 this is a change in the natural habitat along the northwest coast of Bali. Another threat is the uncontrolled arrest (illegal) to meet the world market supply as pets. Its population is very small in nature, makes IUCN establishes Critical status (Critically Endangered / CR).

 

 

18.                        DEER TIMOR (Cervus timorensis) TYPICAL NUSA TENGGARA

Rusa Timor atau Rusa Sunda Sambar (Rusa timorensis) adalah rusa asli pulau Jawa, Bali dan Timor (bersama dengan Timor Leste). Ini juga merupakan spesies dikenali di Irian Jaya, Kalimantan (Kalimantan), Kepulauan Sunda Kecil, Maluku, Sulawesi, Australia, Mauritius, Kaledonia Baru, Selandia Baru, Papua Nugini dan Réunion. Ini menempati habitat yang sama dengan yang ada pada Chital of India membuka hutan kering dan campuran gugur, taman, dan sabana. Ini adalah kerabat dekat yang lebih besar Rusa Sambar . Hal ini cukup diburu di Australia timur. Rusa ini telah membentuk populasi di daerah terpencil pulau, mungkin dibawa ke sana oleh nelayan Indonesia. Mereka beradaptasi dengan baik, hidup nyaman di semak kering Australia seperti yang mereka lakukan di tanah air tropis mereka. Sifat ini ditunjukkan dengan baik lebih seringnya ditemukan di pinggiran Wollongong dan Sydney dan khususnya di Royal National Park. Ini menunjukkan terus meningkat kuatnya populasinya.Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) set to be the identity of the fauna of West Nusa Tenggara, have feathers reddish brown to gray-brown with the lower abdomen and a white tail. Timor deer Adults have a body length ranges between 195-210 cm height reaches between 91-110 cm. Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) has a weight between 103-115 kg although dipenangkaran Timor deer that are capable of having a weight of about 140 kg. Timor deer's size despite losing most of sambar (Cervus unicolor), but compared to other deer species such as deer Bawean, and deer, Timor deer body size larger.

Timor deer subspecies. Whitehead (Schroder in Nugroho, 1992; Semiadi, 2002) divided the Timor deer (Cervus timorensis) into eight subspecies (subspecies), namely:

·          Cervus timorensis Russa (Mul. & Schl., 1844) commonly found in Java.

·     Cervus timorensis florensis (Heude, 1896) commonly found Lombok and Flores.

·         Cervus timorensis timorensis (Martens, 1936) commonly found P. Timor, P. Rate, P. Semau, P. Ram, Alor P., and P. Beach.

·          Cervus timorensis Djonga (Bemmel, 1949) commonly found P. P. Muna and Buton.

·     Cervus timorensis molucensis (Q. & G., 1896) commonly found Kep. Maluku, Halmahera P., P. Banda, and P. Ceram.

·          Cervus timorensis macassaricus (Heude, 1896) commonly found P. Sulawesi.

·          Cervus renschi (Sody, 1933).

·          Cervus laronesietes (Bemmel, 1949)

 

 

19.                        Komodo (Varanus) TYPICAL NUSA TENGGARA

Komodo or more so-called Komodo dragons (Varanus), is a species of lizard world who live on the island of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Mota, and Gili Dasami in Nusa Tenggara. This lizard by the natives of the island of Komodo also called the local name ora. Including family members lizard Varanidae, and klad Toxicofera, dragons are the largest lizards in the world, with an average length of 2-3 m. Large size is associated with symptoms of island gigantism, ie the tendency of the body meraksasanya certain animals that live on a small island linked to the absence of mammalian carnivores on the island where dragons live, and the rate of metabolism of dragons small. Because of his body, occupying lizard predator peaks that dominate the ecosystems in which they live. Komodo discovered by western researchers in 1910. She was great and the terrible reputation make them popular zoo. Habitat Komodo dragons in the wild have dwindled as a result of human activities and therefore IUCN incorporate dragons as a species vulnerable to extinction. Lizards are protected under Indonesian law and a national park, the Komodo National Park, established to protect them. In the wild, adult Komodo dragon usually weighs about 70 kg, but dragons are kept in captivity often have a greater body weight. Wild specimens largest ever having a length of 3.13 m and weighing about 166 kg, including the weight of undigested food in his stomach. Although dragons recorded as the largest living lizard, but not the longest. This reputation held by lizard Papua (Varanus salvadorii). Komodo has a tail of the same length with his body, and about 60 pieces of sharp serrated teeth along about 2.5 cm is often replaced. Their saliva frequently blood-tinged, because its teeth are almost completely covered by gingival tissue and this tissue naturally lacerated during feeding. This condition creates an ideal environment for the growth of bacteria lethal that live in their mouths. Komodo has a long tongue, yellow and forked. Komodo dragons males larger than females, with skin color from dark gray to brick red, while the female dragons over green olives and a small piece of yellow on the throat. Young Komodo more colorful, with yellow, green and white on a black background. Komodo does not have the sense of hearing, despite having ear holes. This lizard is able to see up to 300 m, but because the retina contains only cones, these animals seem not so well seen in the darkness of night. Komodo is able to distinguish colors, but not how able to distinguish stationary objects. Komodo dragon uses its tongue to detect taste and smell stimuli, as with many other reptiles, with the sense of vomeronasal utilizing the Jacobson's organ, a sense that aids navigation in the dark. With the help of the wind and the habit of cocking his head to the right and to the left when walking, dragons can detect the presence of carrion as far as 4 to 9.5 km. Nostril olfactory dragons is not a good tool because they do not have a diaphragm. This animal has no sense of taste on the tongue, there are few nerve endings taste in the back of the throat. Their scales, some of which are reinforced with bone, have sensory plaques connected to nerves that facilitate its sense of touch. The scales around the ears, lips, chin, and soles of the feet may have three or more sensory plaques. Komodo thought to be deaf when a study whispers, raised voices and shouts did not result in agitation (interference) in the wild dragons. This was later refuted when employees Zoo ZSL London, Joan Proctor trained lizards to go out to eat with her ​​voice, even when he was not seen by the lizard. Komodo dragons are found exclusively in Indonesia, on the island of Komodo, Flores and Rinca and several other islands in the Nusa Tenggara. Live in dry open grassland, savanna and tropical forest at low altitude, and typically hot and dry places like this. They are active during the day, although sometimes active also at night. Komodo dragons are largely solitary, coming together only to breed and eat. This large reptiles can sprint up to 20 km per hour at a short distance swim very well and is able to dive as deep as 4.5 m and clever climb trees using their strong claws. To catch prey that is out of reach, the Komodo dragon can stand on its hind legs and use its tail as a support. With increasing age, the Komodo dragon claws are used primarily as weapons, because of its large size makes climbing impractical. For shelter, the Komodo dragon dig a hole as wide as 1-3 m with the front legs and strong claws. Because of his body and habit of sleeping in the hole, dragons can maintain body heat during the night and reduce the time sunbathing on the next morning. Komodo generally hunt at noon until late afternoon, but still shade during the hottest part of the day. Places hidden dragons are usually located in the dunes or hills with the sea breeze, open from vegetation, and here and there scattered droppings. They also serve as a strategic location to ambush deer. In late 2005, researchers from the University of Melbourne, Australia, concluded that the lizard Perentie (Varanus giganteus) and dragons others, as well as lizards from the tribe Agamidae, the possibility of having some sort of can. During this time it is known that wounds caused by bites of these animals are very vulnerable to infection due to bacteria that live in the mouth of lizards this, but the researchers showed that the direct effect which appears in bite wounds were caused by the entry can be powered medium. These researchers have observed injuries at the hands of humans from the bite lizard Varanus varius, V. Scalaris and dragons, and all of them showed a similar reaction: rapid swelling within minutes, local disturbances in blood clotting, pain that gripped up to the elbow, with some symptoms that last up a few hours later. A gland that contains highly toxic could have successfully taken out of the mouth of a dragon at the Singapore Zoo, and convince the researchers will be able to contain that belongs dragons. In addition to containing possible, saliva komodo also has a variety of bacteria lethal in which more than 28 bacteria Gram-negative and 29 Gram-positive have been isolated from saliva. These bacteria cause septicemia on its victims. If the initial bite does not kill the prey and the prey can escape, generally unlucky prey would die within a week of infection. The deadliest bacteria in Komodo dragon saliva appears is the bacteria Pasteurella multocida highly lethal; known through experiments with laboratory rats. Because dragons seem to be immune to its own microbes, much research was done to find antibacterial molecule in the hopes it can be used for the treatment of humans.

 

 

20.                        hornbills IVORY (Rhinoplax vigil) TYPICAL WEST KALIMANTAN

Ivory or Ivory hornbill hornbill (Buceros / Rhinoplax vigil) is a large-sized bird of the family Bucerotidae. Early bird found in the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, and Borneo. This bird also became the mascot of the Province of West Kalimantan, and included in this type of fauna are reserved. In the culture of Borneo, hornbill ivory (interests) is a symbol of "Nature Up" ie with divine nature that is "masculine". On the island of Borneo, hornbill ivory is used as a symbol of the area or symbols in the symbol of the country organizations like Sarawak, symbol of the province of West Kalimantan, animal identification province of West Kalimantan, a symbol of the University Mangkurat and so on. Hornbill (Hornbill) is a bird that consists of 57 species spread across Asia and Africa. 14 of which are in Indonesia. Among hornbill, hornbills types of ivory is the biggest in size, good head, beak and horn that covers the forehead. Hornbill ivory is one of 14 species of hornbills in Indonesia and became the mascot of West Kalimantan province. Because of a dwindling number of birds included in this type of fauna are reserved. Hornbill Ivory embodied in the form of engravings on Culture Dayak, while in Banjar culture, hornbills Ivory carved in the form of disguised (didistilir) because of Banjar Culture grows under the influence of the religion of Islam which forbids carved creatures animate. Hornbills Ivory is also a cultural symbol of the Naga tribe in eastern India. The protected animals at a young age has a beak and a white crown. Along his age, beak and crown will change color to orange and red, is a result of frequent swiping hornbill beak into the red orange color-producing glands located under the tail. These birds like fig leaves as his favorite food, but not infrequently also eat insects, mice, lizards and even small birds. Usual hornbills perched in a tall tree, before flying Hornbill signaled by a sound not that hard. When it airs hornbills flapping sound dramatic. These birds live in groups of about 2 to 10 fish per tree. Sometimes birds fly together in an amount of between 20-30 individuals. Hornbill sound is very typical and very loud as if calling sekawanannya beneath a shady tree. Season the eggs from April to July and chicks greater help adult males provide food to the female and children newly hatched. But now hornbill is a rare bird that has been a very difficult encounter in the jungle of Kalimantan, Borneo is because the destruction that constantly occur, such as deforestation and illegal logging both to clear land for palm oil plantations. The fate of hornbills is now the same as the fate of the Dayaks in Borneo are increasingly marginalized in their own land. This is also compounded by rampant poaching conducted surrounding communities. Price appreciated by one head hornbill Rp. 2.5 million. Due to its price many inland race of the bird hunting in the forest.